Article Extended Data Fig. 3 | Spatial neighbourhood analysis in melanoma TDLNs. ( a ) Heat map showing relative cellular abundances (min-max scaled per column) for all 10 cellular NBs in disease-free (DF) and recurrence (R) patients with melanoma. NB2 is highlighted by a yellow box. ( b ) Box plots displaying NB size per patient group in stage III melanoma as μm² of NB area per mm² ROI (R = 24 & DF = 30 ROIs from 5 or 6 patients respectively; 4–5 ROIs per patient). ( c ) Log 2 fold increase of selected cell abundances in NB2 in R versus DF patients. ( d ) Percentage of cells present in NB2 separated by patient group, visualized per ROI (R = 24 & DF = 30 ROIs from 5 or 6 patients respectively; 4–5 ROIs per patient). ( e ) Violin plots displaying marker expression for different cell types, visualized per ROI, within the paracortex. Inverse hyperbolic sine-transformed IMC expression values of indicated protein markers, divided by cell type and patient group. Values are displayed on a log 2 -transformed y axis (points represent individual cells). ( f ) Average interaction counts across the entire IMC dataset from CD8 + T cells (left side) and from DCs (right side) in the TDLN paracortex. Fold changes between stage III R versus DF are indicated above the bars. Statistical test (based on random cell label permutation) indicates whether the indicated pairwise interaction occurs more than by random chance (i.e. P < 0.05) in both patient groups. P values were calculated using a two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test ( b , d , e ) or Monte Carlo permutation test ( c , f ). DC, dendritic cell; Mac, macrophage; DF, disease free; R, recurrence. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, ns: non-significant (Exact P values in Supplementary Data).